To view the PDF format you must have the free Acrobat Reader.

Topic Index of The Connecticut Economic Digest Articles is also available.

• February 2010 (.pdf, 401KB)
  • Last But Not Dead.
  • Measures of Labor Underutilization

• January 2010: PDF (412 KB)
  • The Economic Outlook for 2010

• December 2009: PDF (419 KB)
  • Connecticut’s Labor Market Dynamics: Clues From KLEMS?

• November 2009: PDF (403 KB)
  • The Bad News, the Not-So-Bad News and the Good News about Connecticut's Unemployment Rate

• October 2009: PDF (422 KB)
  • The Next Recovery: Perhaps Not Quite So Jobless

• September 2009: PDF (410 KB)
  • Mass Layoffs and the Business Cycle

• August 2009: PDF (397 KB)
  • Connecticut's 2008 Employment Situation, A Tale of Two Trends

• July 2009: PDF (414 KB)
  • Housing Industry Worsened in 2008
  • Occupation Profile: Veterinarians

• June 2009: PDF (416 KB)
  • A 2010 LANDING? The Connecticut Employment Outlook to 2010
• May 2009:PDF (403 KB)
  • Connecticut Personal Income Growth Slows in 2008
  • Major Northeast Gaming Labor Markets Reviewed
• April 2009: PDF (407 KB)
  • Exports, an Economic Bright Spot: 2008 Connecticut Exports in Review
• March 2009: PDF (429 KB)
  • Connecticut Recession Began in March 2008
• February 2009: PDF (407 KB)
  • It’s an Exciting Time to be an Economist
  • CT's Multiple Jobholders Rise to 6.3 Percent in 2007
• January 2009: PDF (407 KB)
  • The 2009 Connecticut Economic Outlook
• December 2008: PDF (415 KB)
  • How "Green" is Connecticut's Economy?
• November 2008: PDF (415 KB)
  • Educating Connecticut
  • CT Personal Income Grew 1.0 Percent in 2Q 2008
• October 2008: PDF (410 KB)
  • (Almost) Everything You Wanted to Know About Connecticut’s Employment Numbers... But Were Afraid to Ask
  • Fatal Work Injuries in 2007
• September 2008: PDF (425 KB)
  • Cities and Towns Profiled for 2007
  • Branford: A Nice Place to Live, Work, and Play
• August 2008: PDF (412 KB)
  • UI Covered Employment Sets New High in 2007
• July 2008: PDF (415 KB)
  • 2007 State Housing Market Continues to Trend Downward
  • Put Your Pet Passion To Work
  • CT's Film Tax Credit: An Analysis of the First-Year Impact
• June 2008: PDF (420 KB)
  • Turning Point: Connecticut Employment Outlook to 2009
• May 2008: PDF (421 KB)
  • Connecticut Personal Income Continues to Climb in 2007
  • Town/City Profile: Brooklyn
• April 2008: PDF (565 KB)
  • The Export Engine: 2007 Connecticut Exports in Review
• March 2008: PDF (636 KB)
  • 2007: Another Good Year for State Employment Growth
• February 2008: PDF (955 KB)
  • There's No Place Like Home…in Stamford
• January 2008: PDF (620 KB)
  • The 2008 Economic Outlook
  • Steady Habits Uncovered in CT Private Worksite Data
• December 2007: PDF (569 KB)
  • Older Workers and Their Earnings after a Mass Layoff
• November 2007: HTML | PDF (572 KB)
  • The Growth of Self-Employment
• October 2007: HTML | PDF (574 KB)
  • Who is Moving into Connecticut?
  • Occupation profile: Construction managers
• September 2007: PDF (634 KB)
  • State Housing Market Cooled in 2006
• August 2007: PDF (555 KB)
  • UI Covered employment continues upward trend in 2006
• July 2007: PDF (524 KB)
  • Connecticut Employment Trends
• June 2007: PDF (235 KB)
  • Connecticut Employment Outlook to 2008
• May 2007: PDF (545 KB)
  • Connecticut's Bioscience Industry: A Brief History
• April 2007: HTML | PDF (525 KB)
  • Connecticut Exports - 2006, A Very Good Year
  • Town/City Profile: Barkhamsted
• March 2007: HTML | PDF (544 KB)
  • Connecticut's Investment Employment Rising
• February 2007: HTML | PDF (501 KB)
  • Health Care and Social Assistance Industry Profiled
• January 2007: HTML | PDF (577 KB)
  • Connecticut Economic Outlook for 2007
• December 2006: HTML | PDF (512 KB)
  • Occupation Profile: Public Relations Specialists
  • Town/City Profile: Glastonbury
• November 2006: HTML | PDF (548 KB)
  • CONNECTICUT: A Net Exporter of Labor Services - Implications for Income Growth
• October 2006: PDF (652 KB)
  • Cities and towns profiled for 2005
  • Occupation Profile: Chefs and Head Cooks
• September 2006: HTML | PDF (563 KB)
  • Connecticut's Housing Market Remains Healthy
  • Occupation Profile: Real estate brokers and sales agents
• August 2006: HTML | PDF (582 KB)
  • UI covered employment increases in 2005 - second consecutive year
• July 2006: HTML | PDF (643 KB)
  • Does Connecticut have a Problem with Economic Growth?
• June 2006: HTML | PDF (590 KB)
  • Connecticut Employment Outlook to 2007
• May 2006: HTML | PDF (590 KB)
  • Employment services industry: a harbinger of the economy
• April 2006: HTML | PDF (495 KB)
  • New Gains for Exports: 2005 Connecticut Exports in Review
  • Occupation Profile: Firefighters
  • Town/City Profile: Farmington
• March 2006: HTML | PDF (660 KB)
  • Growth in Employment Slowed by Connecticut's Industry Mix
• February 2006: HTML | PDF (611 KB)
  • Stamford tops in labor force and establishments
  • Occupation Profile: Mechanical Engineers
  • Lights, Sound, Action! Movie, TV and Sound Production in CT
• January 2006: HTML | PDF (557 KB)
  • The 2006 Economic Outlook: New Year, New Optimism
  • Occupation Profile: Automotive Service Technicians And Mechanics
• December 2005: HTML | PDF (551 KB)
  • Business Starts and Terminations by Industry, 2004
  • Got Data? Information for Workforce Investment Planning - 2005
• November 2005: HTML | PDF (589 KB)
  • JOBS AND CYCLES: Historical Patterns in Connecticut's Employment Behavior
• October 2005: HTML | PDF (570 KB)
  • A Look at Connecticut's Industry Clusters
• September 2005: HTML | PDF (640 KB)
  • Is There a Housing Bubble?
• August 2005: HTML | PDF (573 KB)
  • Modest gain in 2004 UI covered employment
• July 2005: HTML | PDF (551 KB)
  • Bradley Airport's Economic Contribution Studied
• June 2005: HTML | PDF (541 KB)
  • Connecticut Employment Outlook to Fourth Quarter 2006
• May 2005: HTML | PDF (564 KB)
  • Small Business Profile
• April 2005: HTML | PDF (962 KB)
  • Is Connecticut rising to the global economy challenge?
• March 2005: HTML | PDF (1,033 KB)
  • Economic Recovery Underway in 2004
• February 2005: HTML | PDF (643 KB)
  • Defense-Related Employment-Can Connecticut Stop the Decline?
• January 2005: HTML | PDF (661 KB)
  • Connecticut's Economy: A Look Back...and Ahead
  • Occupation profile: RECREATION AND FITNESS WORKERS
• December 2004: HTML | PDF (826 KB)
  • Changes in Labor Market Areas
  • Improvements Coming to Labor Force Estimates
• November 2004: HTML | PDF (230 KB)
  • Connecticut Industry Employment Mid-Term Outlook to Second Quarter 2006
• October 2004: PDF (345 KB)
  • Norwich area has greatest labor force growth
  • U.S. self-employment rates
• September 2004: HTML | PDF (226 KB)
  • Housing 2003 - the results are in
• August 2004: HTML | PDF (228 KB)
  • A detailed look at Connecticut industry in 2003
• July 2004: HTML | PDF (240 KB)
  • Outsourcing: implications for employment
• June 2004: HTML | PDF (229 KB)
  • Connecticut industry employment outlook to fourth quarter 2005
• May 2004: HTML | PDF (211 KB)
  • Partnership for Growth II: A Blueprint for Connecticut's Economic Future
• April 2004: HTML | PDF (235 KB)
  • The older workforce and its implications for the Connecticut economy
• March 2004: HTML | PDF (241 KB)
  • Employment declines for the third year
• February 2004: HTML | PDF (224 KB)
  • A TALE OF SEVEN CITIES: clues to the Hartford region's economic future?
• January 2004: HTML | PDF (226 KB)
  • A 2004 recovery: wishful or real?
  • Town/City Profile: Wethersfield
• December 2003: HTML | PDF (219 KB)
  • Connecticut earnings: a look at income from current production
• November 2003: HTML | PDF (222 KB)
  • Connecticut industry employment outlook to fourth quarter 2004
• October 2003: HTML | PDF (238 KB)
  • Greenwich Tops in Wages Again
  • Economic News
  • Business and Employment Changes
• September 2003: HTML | PDF (230 KB)
  • UI Covered Employment Declines in 2002 - Second Consecutive Year
• August 2003: HTML | PDF (240 KB)
  • Connecticut's Housing Industry in 2002: A Look Back
  • Connecticut's Travel and Tourism Industry: Important Economic Driver
• July 2003: HTML | PDF (192 KB)
  • Profiles of the Connecticut Workforce
  • Occupational Profile: Computer Support Specialists
• June 2003: HTML | PDF (220 KB)
  • 2002 Connecticut Personal Income
  • Industry Clusters: Cluster Initiative Recognized
• May 2003: HTML | PDF (253 KB)
  • Estimating the Impact of Public Policy and Investment Decisions
  • Industry Clusters: Connecticut Information Technology: Powering the Economy
• April 2003: HTML | PDF (236 KB)
  • Connecticut Industry Employment Outlook to Second Quarter 2004
  • Industry Clusters: The British are Coming! The British are Coming!
• March 2003: HTML | PDF (266 KB)
  • Employment Declines for the Second Year
  • Industry Clusters: Pfizer to build clinical research unit in New Haven
  • Occupational Profile: Social and Human Service Assistants
• February 2003: HTML | PDF (254 KB)
  • Unmasking the Unemployment Rate
  • Economic News: 2002 Population by State
  • Town/City Profile: Simsbury
  • Industry Clusters: Maritime Cluster Outlines Transportation Recommendations
  • Occupational Profile: Physical Therapists
• January 2003: HTML | PDF (248 KB)
  • The 2003 Economic Outlook
  • Business Services - Assisting Connecticut's Economy
  • Industry Clusters: 12^th Business Training Network Focuses on Attracting Maritime Workers
  • Occupational Profile: Security Guards
• December 2002: HTML | PDF (250 KB)
  • Nonfarm Employment Data under NAICS
  • Industry Clusters: Insurance and Financial Servicees Cluster Announced
  • Town/City Profile: Marlborough
  • Industry Profile: Local and Interurban Transit
  • Occupational Profile: Accountants and Auditors
• November 2002: HTML | PDF (238 KB)
  • Recent Connecticut Export Performance Explored
  • Industry Clusters: Pilot Financing Program for Bioscience Announced
  • Town/City Profile: Wallingford
  • Occupational Profile: Paralegals and Legal Assistants
• October 2002: HTML | PDF (235 KB)
  • Connecticut Industry Employment Outlook to Fourth Quarter 2003
  • Industry Clusters: Grant Establishes Greater Valley Manufacturing Training Network
• September 2002: HTML | PDF (268 KB)
  • Greenwich Tops in Wages in 2001
  • Mass Layoff Trends in Connecticut
  • The State of the Housing Industry
  • Occupational Profile: Librarians
  • Industry Clusters: Inner City Business Strategy
• August 2002: HTML | PDF (247 KB)
  • UI Covered Employment Declines in 2001 - First Time in Eight Years
  • Industry Clusters: Out-of-state Executives Impressed with Connecticut
• July 2002: HTML | PDF (239 KB)
  • Making Sense of Census
  • Occupational Profile: Systems Analysts
  • Town/City Profile: Windham
  • Industry Clusters: First Business Training Network to Enter Phase Two Development
• June 2002: HTML | PDF (232 KB)
  • The Connecticut Business Cycle: A Short History (1939 - 2002)
  • Industry Profile: Instruments and Related Products
  • Industry Clusters: Connecticut Receives Top Honors At ICIC-INC Magazine Inner City 100 Ceremony
• May 2002: HTML | PDF (203 KB)
  • Occupational Injuries and Illnesses in 2000
  • Connecticut Emerging as "Hot Spot" for Bioscience and Information Technology
  • Occupational Profile: Home Health Aides
  • Industry Clusters: Agriculture Announced as State's Newest Cluster
• April 2002: HTML | PDF (228 KB)
  • Union Membership Trends
  • Spring Brings Economic Revival in Connecticut
  • Industry Profile: Insurance Carriers and Agents
  • Town/City Profile: South Windsor
  • Industry Clusters: DECD Recognized for Economic Development Efforts
• March 2002: HTML | PDF (235 KB)
  • 2001: A Recession Odyssey
  • Confidence in Connecticut Business Climate Sustained
• February 2002: HTML | PDF (207 KB)
  • NAICS Implementation is Underway
  • New Beginnings
  • Government Sector Trends
  • Industry Clusters: New Marketing Campaign and Bioscience Office Announced
• January 2002: HTML | PDF (226 KB)
  • Economic Outlook 2002
  • Identifying Turns in Connecticut's Economy
  • Occupational Profile: Carpenters
  • Industry Clusters: CT Scores Straight A's on National Economic Development Report Card
• December 2001: HTML | PDF (238 KB)
  • A Primer on Personal Income
  • Occupational Profile: Secondary School Teachers
  • Industry Profile: Child Day Care Services
  • Industry Clusters: Access 2001 Winners Named
• November 2001: HTML | PDF (237 KB)
  • Business Starts and Terminations by Industry
  • The "X" Economy
  • Industry Clusters: Call for 2002 Inner City Entrepreneurship Award Entries
  • Town/City Profile: Hamden
• October 2001: HTML | PDF (238 KB)
  • Multiple Jobholding Trends
  • Industry Clusters: Bioscience Leader Pfizer- a Catalyst in New London
  • Occupational Profile: Correctional Officers
  • Town/City Profile: Bristol
• September 2001: HTML | PDF (233 KB)
  • Growth Momentum
  • Running Towards a Healthy Economy
  • Ask the Digest: "What are Business Cycles?"
  • Town/City Profile: Willington
  • Industry Clusters: Legislature, Governor Advance Cluster Initiatives
• August 2001: HTML | PDF (211 KB)
  • UI Covered Employment Reaches a New High in 2000
  • Expanded Current Population Survey and Its Effect on Labor Force Data Estimates
  • Industry Profile: Aerospace
  • Industry Clusters: Teaching Entrepreneurship
• July 2001: HTML | PDF (215 KB)
  • Ask the Digest
  • Gross State Product Grew 4.7 Percent in 1999
  • Hartford Leads in Jobs, as Stamford Tops in Wages in 2000
  • Housing 2000: Strong & Steady
  • Industry Clusters: Statewide Call
  • UI Covered Employment, Fourth Quarter 2000
• June 2001: HTML | PDF (375 KB)
  • Connecticut's Bustling Cities
  • Industry Clusters: Entrepreneurship Awards
  • Town/City Profile: Hartford
  • Occupational Profile: Registered Nurses
• May 2001: HTML | PDF (378 KB)
  • Occupational Employment Forecast to 2008
  • 2000 Population Increased for 139 Cities and Towns
  • Industry Clusters: META Leads New Clusters
• April 2001: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 230KB)
  • Regional Economic Retrospective
  • Area Employment Projections to 2008
  • Continued Employment and Wage Growth in Third Quarter 2000
  • Industry Clusters: BioScience Update
  • Town/City Profile: Danbury
• March 2001: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 226KB)
  • Employment Projections: 1998-2008
  • Expansion Continued in 2000
  • Coincident and Leading Employment Indexes Recalibrated for the New Millenium
  • Industry Clusters: Maritime Launched
• February 2001: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 231KB)
  • State Wholesale Trade Examined
  • Business Openings and Expansions
  • Industry Clusters: Software/IT Success
  • Industry Profile: Security and Commodity Brokerages
• January 2001: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 249KB)
  • Economy's Strengths Sustainable?
  • Town/City Profile: New Haven
  • Occupational Profile: Computer Engineers
  • Industry Clusters: Focus on Bradley
• December 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 173KB)
  • Employment Estimating Methods Evolving
  • Industry Clusters: State Acclaimed
• November 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 181KB)
  • UI Covered Employment Approaches a Record Level
  • Industry Clusters: Inner City 10
• October 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 184KB)
  • Which Industries are Important to Connecticut?
  • Industry Clusters: Going Global
• September 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 183KB)
  • Construction Strikes Back
  • Industry Clusters: You Belong in Connecticut
• August 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 180KB)
  • Transportation and Public Utilities: Economics in Motion
  • Industry Clusters: Smart Start Up
• July 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 176KB)
  • Housing Sector Remained Strong in 1999
  • A Closer Look at Worker Displacement
  • Industry Clusters: Cities Championed
• June 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 184KB)
  • Keep Connecticut's Home FIRE Burning
  • Industry Clusters: Bradley at Crossroads
• May 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 178KB)
  • A Tale of Large Cities: Population and Jobs
  • Hartford: An Update
  • Industry Clusters: Workforce Development
• April 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 179KB)
  • Connecticut Manufacturing - Is There Reason for Optimism?
  • Industry Clusters: Manufacturing Progress
• March 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 181KB)
  • Expansion At Last!
  • Industry Clusters: Tourism Impact Up
• February 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 176KB)
  • An Uneven Recovery, 1993-97.
  • Industry Clusters: Cluster Activation
• January 2000: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 176KB)
  • Positive Signs for State Economy in 2000.
  • Industry Clusters: Aerospace Core Created
  • NAICS - A New Look at Connecticut Industry
• December 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 182KB)
  • Much Ado About Services.
  • Industry Clusters: Software/IT Announced
• November 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 194KB)
  • Connecticut Business Climate Index Launched.
  • Industry Clusters: Business Training Grants
• October 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 281KB)
  • Information Technology Helps Pace Job Growth.
  • Industry Clusters: Q2 YTD Exports Even
• September 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 178KB)
  • Gross State Product Reviewed.
  • Industry Clusters: Human Resources
• August 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 188KB)
  • County Trends Examined.
  • Industry Clusters: Meeting Local Demand
• July 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 192KB)
  • 1998: A Stellar Year for Housing
  • New Haven Leads in Jobs, as Greenwich Tops in Wages
  • Industry Clusters: Regional Links
• June 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 311KB)
  • Connecticut Agriculture: A Growing Industry
  • Introducing the Connecticut Manufacturing Production Index
  • Industry Clusters: Urban Clusters II
• May 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 273KB)
  • Connecticut's Occupational Structure: A Regional View
  • Defining Employment
  • Industry Clusters: Urban Clusters
• April 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 321KB)
  • 1998 Exports Reach All-Time High
  • Industry Clusters: Cluster Supply Chains
• March 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 449KB)
  • 1998 Economy: At Full Speed
  • Industry Clusters: Lean Manufacturing To Be Promoted
• February 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 429KB)
  • Baby Boomers - Drivers of Change
  • The Patriots are Coming! The Patriots are Coming!
  • Industry Clusters: 1999 Legislation Planned
• January 1999: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 281KB)
  • 1999 Economy Will Slow, But Continue To Grow.
  • Industry Clusters: Progress Reported
• December 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 285KB)
  • Retail: Help Wanted
  • Industry Clusters: Economic Board Convened
• November 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 287KB)
  • Employment And Wages: Peak To Trough To Present
  • The Danielson Area: On A Fast Recovery Track
  • Industry Clusters: CURE Leads Bioscience
• October 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 290KB)
  • Connecticut's Drug Sector: Healthy, Wealthy, and Getting Wiser
  • Exports Up 1.5 Percent
• September 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 272KB)
  • "Cluster-Based" Exports Proposed
  • Job Fairs: for employers and job seekers
  • The Torrington Area: A diamond in the rough
• August 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 177KB)
  • Profiles of the Workforce, 1986 and 1996
  • Bio-Tech Cluster Advances
• July 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 397KB)
  • Reconstructing Bridgeport
  • China Trade Impacts State
• June 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 236KB)
  • Export Growth Highest in Seven Years
  • Cluster Bill Passes Both Houses
  • Connecticut Wage Rates Among Highest in New England
• May 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 257KB)
  • Housing Sector Bouyant
  • A Look at Connecticut's 169 Cities and Towns
  • Connecticut Economy Keeps On Truckin'
• April 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 207KB)
  • A Short Look at Long-term Employment Projections
  • Impact of Small Cities CDBG Program Awards
• March 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 231KB)
  • 1997: The Year of Titanic Job Growth
  • Connecticut's Gold Coast is Shining
• February 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 238KB)
  • Connecticut's International Seaports and Airport
  • New Auto Registrations
• January 1998: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 227KB)
  • Economic Outlook Strong for 1998
  • Industry is Companion to the Economy
• December 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 249KB)
  • Employment and Wages Grew in 1Q97
  • Labor Surplus Areas Offer Advantages to Businesses
• November 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 227KB)
  • Transformation of the Waterbury Area
  • Computer Services Industry Expanding
• October 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 243KB)
  • Earnings by Industry in the Nineties
• September 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 170KB)
  • Tourism: An Economic Driver
  • Hartford Area Employment - Signs of Growth?
• August 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 177KB)
  • Danbury Labor Market Area Thriving
• July 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 185KB)
  • First 100 Days of the Connecticut Industry Clusters initiative reviewed
• June 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 177KB)
  • Housing Permits reviewed
  • The New Haven Area Job Outlook
• May 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 328KB)
  • Southeastern Connecticut economic secrets revealed
• April 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 316KB)
  • Health Services Employment Undergoes Change
• March 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 319KB)
  • Economy Improves Further in 1996
• February 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 303KB)
  • High School Graduates Profiled
  • Connecticut's Growing Plastics Industry
• January 1997: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 315KB)
  • Machinery Industry Examined
  • The Occupational Information System (OIS)
• December 1996: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 287KB)
  • Employment Trends are Analyzed from ES-202 Data
  • A Brief Look at the Consumer Price Index
• November 1996: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 300KB)
  • Economic Data: To Adjust or Not To Adjust?
  • The North American Industry Classification System
• October 1996: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 305KB)
  • Industry Clusters Revisited
  • A Look at the Employment Cost Index
• September 1996: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 371KB)
  • Our Sources of Income are Changing
  • What Does That Job Pay?
• August 1996: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 323KB)
  • Defense Spending Down
  • Employment in Private Defense-Related Industries Drops Again in 1995
• July 1996: HTML | PDF (.pdf, 588KB)
  • Personnel Supply Industry: Leading Growth Indicator